Speaker
Description
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) restore antitumour immunity by blocking checkpoint interactions such as PD-1/PD-L1, while oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively infect and lyse tumour cells, releasing viral progeny, tumour associated antigens, and danger signals that further stimulate immune responses. Motivated by these complementary mechanisms, we study the combination of virotherapy and immunotherapy using an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for oncolytic adenovirus carrying IL-12 and GM-CSF together with anti-PD-L1 treatment. We fit model parameters to a series of experimental data sets corresponding to different treatments and use the model to show that the combining oncolytic virotherapy with anti-PD-L1 achieves stronger and more durable tumour control than either therapy alone. We then investigate how treatment efficacy depends on the injection protocol. In particular, we study the effects of varying injection timing, frequency, and dose allocation. Our results indicate that treatment schedules can be adjusted to meet different clinical objectives and improve therapeutic outcomes. These findings provide a quantitative basis for the design and optimisation of combination cancer immunotherapy protocols.
