Speaker
Description
Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic whose safe administration requires precise dosing to achieve adequate hypnosis while avoiding under- or overdosing. Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models are commonly applied in target-controlled infusion systems to guide dosing based on patient characteristics and predicted effect-site concentrations.
This work compares model-based control strategies for propofol infusion using established PK–PD frameworks developed by Marsh, Schnider, and Eleveld \cite{E}.
Model predictions were evaluated against recorded Bispectral Index (BIS) values across datasets. For models including an intrinsic BIS pharmacodynamic component, predicted BIS was directly obtained from the published formulation. For models lacking an explicit BIS relationship, a validated external PD mapping was integrated to ensure comparability \cite{M}.
A sensitivity analysis examined the influence of key parameters on predicted dynamics and robustness.
Additionally, open-source EEG-derived indices, Permutation Entropy and Entropy of Difference, were computed from raw EEG and assessed as alternative PD markers of anesthetic depth \cite{Edt}.
Finally, infusion scenarios targeting predefined hypnotic levels were simulated to analyze differences in predicted drug distribution, dosing behavior, and time to steady state, highlighting how structural model differences affect control performance and decision-support design.
Bibliography
@article{E,
title = {Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model for propofol for broad application in anaesthesia and sedation},
volume = {120},
ISSN = {0007-0912},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.018},
DOI = {10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.018},
number = {5},
journal = {British Journal of Anaesthesia},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
author = {Eleveld, D.J. and Colin, P. and Absalom, A.R. and Struys, M.M.R.F.},
year = {2018},
month = may,
pages = {942–959}
}
@article{Edt,
title = {Entropy of difference works similarly to permutation entropy for the assessment of anesthesia and sleep EEG despite the lower computational effort},
volume = {39},
ISSN = {1387-1307},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-024-01258-8},
DOI = {10.1007/s10877-024-01258-8},
number = {4},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing},
publisher = {Springer},
author = {Edthofer, Alexander and Ettel, Dina and Schneider, Gerhard and Körner, Andreas and Kreuzer, Matthias},
year = {2025},
pages = {655--668}
}
@article{M,
title = {Modelling propofol pharmacodynamics using
<scp>BIS</scp>
‐guided anaesthesia},
volume = {68},
ISSN = {1365-2044},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.12384},
DOI = {10.1111/anae.12384},
number = {11},
journal = {Anaesthesia},
publisher = {Wiley},
author = {Martín‐Mateos, I. and Méndez Pérez, J. A. and Reboso, J. A. and León, A.},
year = {2013},
month = aug,
pages = {1132–1140}
}
