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Description
While the rest of the plant does not show any twisting or coiling, the valves of Cardamine hirsuta coil with fixed right-handedness when released from the rest of the fruit at the end of its maturation. Through multi-scale biomechanical modeling of the valve, supported by live confocal imaging data of cortical microtubules (CMT), we show how CMT dynamics in the final phases of valve maturation can explain the coiling process. By coupling organ-level to tissue-level behaviour, we show the effect of a multi-layered cell wall structure and which hypotheses are required on the cell wall mechanical properties to quantitatively fit the coiling. Finally, we investigate the range of forces in the cell wall and tension on individual CMTs while the epidermal cells of the valve undergo a dramatic cytoskeletal reorientation from transverse to longitudinal — pivotal for the entire process — speculating on the possible causes of the consistent angular tilting ultimately achieved by the CMT.
Bibliography
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