Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 1.8 million people worldwide and demands improved tools for diagnosis and disease understanding. This talk presents two complementary computational models addressing distinct challenges in MS research and care. The first focuses on medical imaging and builds upon an MS lesion segmentation dataset [1]. To address...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex, multifactorial disease arising from the interplay between immune dysregulation, environmental triggers, and neurodegenerative processes. Traditional mathematical models based on ordinary and partial differential equations have provided important system-level insights, but often face limitations in capturing stochasticity, heterogeneity, and multi-scale...
In multiple sclerosis patients, immune cells attack myelinated nerve axons, creating demyelinated regions called lesions. MRI observations show that individual lesions can grow or shrink over time. These lesion dynamics provide important insights into disease progression, as well as the efficacy of treatment. We develop a moving boundary model to represent lesion boundaries as sharp interfaces...
Ordinary differential equation (ODE) models of the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) were made to study the role of EBV infection on MS dynamics. Modeling allows in silico testing of several hypotheses regarding the role of EBV on MS pathogenesis and the efficacy of anti-viral therapies and anti-EBV vaccines.
Two ODE models were made, one of the immune system, and the other of CNS...
In this talk, I review a class of mathematical models for the early stages of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). A central immunological question concerns the trigger of the immune cascade initiating MS pathology. We compare two scenarios: one based on local microglia activation, recruitment of systemic immune responses, and oligodendrocyte apoptosis \cite{ BBGLPS16,GLRSS24,KhonCal,LBBGPS17}; the other...
We present the derivation of a class of reaction-diffusion models for Multiple Sclerosis starting from kinetic equations for the distribution functions of the cell populations involved in the biological processes underlying the evolution of the disease. The kinetic setting for the cell distributions is outlined, detailing interaction operators that account for conservative and non-conservative...
The mathematical modelling of MS so far has focussed on a few aspects of the disease, but an overall modelling framework is missing. Here we propose a paradigm for the mathematical modelling of MS. Based on biological principles we propose six consecutive modelling levels. We develop models on Level 1,2, and 3, and test if these models can describe known effects related to MS. We first show...
Multiple sclerosis is characterised by the formation of localised lesions in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, resulting from immune-mediated damage to nervous tissue. Mathematical models that incorporate the chemotactic migration of immune cells provide a natural framework through which to investigate how such structures can emerge through self-organisation.
In this talk, I...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting almost 3 million people worldwide and causing substantial physical and cognitive disability. In MS, dysregulated immune responses target myelinโthe protective coating of neuronsโleading to neurodegeneration and progressive neurological impairment. There is currently no cure for MS, and existing treatments are only partially...
